Triple sword
Viral diseases
Viruses (from Lat. Virus - poison) - infectious diseases creatures that reproduce only in living cells. Viruses are smaller than most bacteria.
They cause diseases such as smallpox, measles, influenza, polio, rinderpest and birds, rabies, a number of diseases of fish and amphibians, jaundice moth, tobacco mosaic, etc. Extensive detachment of viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages.
The term "virus" was first used by M. Beijerinck (1899). Formerly known as pathogens, viruses, pathogens, such as tuberculosis.
By the size of viruses is divided into three groups: large, medium, small. Ways of their distribution are different: one directly infect the sensitive organs (including influenza viruses, smallpox), while others carry other organisms such as mites. Study of viruses involved virusologiya.K mid XX century, it stood out as an independent discipline (originally viruses involved in microbiology). This science, including studying the basic problems of genetics and molecular biology. The first monograph on viral diseases of animals published by M. Reverse (London, 1928), N. Gamaleyev (Moscow, 1930).
Infectious diseases (from pos. - Lat. Inficere - infect) - Infectious diseases of humans, animals, birds, related to the introduction into their body of harmful microorganisms in the presence of a microorganism susceptibility to the infection.
The main feature of these diseases - transmission from an infected another.
Over its long history of humanity not just faced with so-called "house-" diseases that move quickly from one person to another. They were called "fad".
The emergence of these diseases for a long time attributed to a special "miasms", evaporation air. And only in the XVI century Italian scientist J. Frakastoro created the doctrine of contagious diseases. The true nature of the infectious disease was discovered only in the XIX century in connection with the achievements of bacteriology, microbiology and immunology. These successes are associated with the name of French scientist Louis Pasteur, a German bacteriologist R. Koch and a whole galaxy of Russian scientists, including the Mechnikov, N. Epidemiology and Microbiology, L. Tarasovich etc.
With infectious diseases of the observed regularities of pathological process in which a few isolated periods of infection: latent, hidden, until the first signs, periods of precursor disease, the height and extinction. Many infectious diseases (influenza, typhus, smallpox, scarlet fever) can produce serious complications. After transferring an infectious disease organism acquires immunity, immunity to it, based on this method of introducing the sera of vaccination.
Infectious diseases there is a great set, such as malaria, syphilis, bubonic plague, dysentery, cold sores.
Infection - this is the penetration of pathogenic parasites in human or animal and the state of infestation of the body. Source of disease is a sick man - the carrier of infection. Intestinal infection agent separated from the patient body with feces, urine, respiratory infections - with saliva when you sneeze and cough. When typhus vector species are blood-sucking parasites (lice, mosquitoes, fleas). Sexually transmitted infection occurs by close contact. Knowledge transfer mechanism underlies the prevention of infectious diseases.
With this group of diseases is a successful fight, defeated many of the disease - pneumonic plague, smallpox. Reduced the mortality rate from diphtheria, dysentery. Found and successfully applied in 43 countries and the polio vaccine.
Particularly dangerous infection - plague, smallpox, cholera, leprosy - is found mostly in Asia, Africa and South America. A crucial role in the spread of these diseases are social factors - economic, cultural level of population, housing, employment, nutrition, hygiene. More deaths among the poorest, for example, in India in 1898 - 1963's died of the plague in 1912 662.1 thousand (TSB).
Symbolic aspect. doctor's office. A doctor vaccinates a child, sitting on the lap of his mother.
Divination aspect. Observe good hygiene and be careful, alert: the danger of infection exists everywhere!
